The History of Groundhog Day

Whether it's pulling a slumbering rodent out of hibernation, or watching Bill Murray replay the same day over and over again. One thing is clear: people have some strong opinions when it comes to Groundhog Day. Even here at WeatherNation, some meteorologists find the holiday whimsical, while others find it downright weird.

But who thought the best weather prognostication was sleeping rodents in the first places?

HISTORY OF GROUNDHOG DAY:

The most common belief of the origins of the holiday date back to an old Christian religious holiday called Candlemas Day. On February 2nd, 40 days after Christmas and halfway between the winter solstice and spring equinox, believers would take their candles to churches to have them blessed. The blessings would then carry them through the rest of winter. As the tradition flourished, English folk songs give us an insight on when Candlemas went from purely a religious holiday to one with weather significance.

"If Candlemas be fair and bright,

Come, Winter, have another flight;

If Candlemas brings clouds and rain,

Go Winter, and come not again."

As the English tradition flooded into Germany, that's where we see the first instances of animals being introduced into this folklore. As February 2nd came around, Germans used local animals, typically hedgehogs or badgers to see if they saw their shadows to do the weather forecasting for them. If they saw their shadow then another "second winter" would come along bringing six more weeks of winter.

A vast influx of German immigrants into America, and specifically into Pennsylvania is where we start to see the development of our modern day Groundhog Day festivities. Hedgehogs are not native to Pennsylvania, meaning they were finally allowed to continue their hibernation as another animal would take over prognostication duties. While the Germans brought the idea of Dachstag ("Badger Day"), the weasels are extremely rare to this region and not native to the eastern part of Pennsylvania. Another alternate was chosen instead, and the German immigrants selected groundhogs as they can be found throughout the state.

MODERN GROUNDHOG DAY:

The groundhog day as many know it includes the small borough of Punxsutawney, PA and it's now secretive and exclusive group of organizers called the "Groundhog Club's Inner Circle". Kicking off in 1886, the modern holiday was born, and now each year tens of thousands of people gather at Gobbler's Knob to see the most famous groundhog of them all cast his prediction.

Since the popularization of the holiday, other groundhogs have rose to occasion and issue their own forecast for a more local perspective. Some of which include State Island Chuck at the Staten Island Zoo in New York City.

GROUNDHOG DAY ACCURACY:

While weather folklore can be fun to discuss, it oftentimes struggles with the science of meteorology. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration keeps track of the most accurate groundhogs for those that wish to find their forecast from a furry friend. In the top spot is State Island Chuck, followed by General Beauregard Lee (Georgia's official weather rodent), and Lander Lil. The latter of which isn't actually a real groundhog, but instead a statue of a prairie dog in Lander, WY.

As for America's most famous groundhog forecaster, Punxsutawney Phil, his accuracy rate of just 35% places him 17th. A full list of groundhog forecasting accuracy can be found on NOAA's website.

FORECAST:

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