Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomena

news image
Special Stories
25 Oct 2018 8:19 AM
[Iceberg in the Arctic with its underside exposed. From Wikimedia Commons]

[NOAA] The ocean may conjure images of beautiful waves, shipwrecks, and marine life. But strange things happen in the ocean as a result of weather and currents. The five events described below are just a few of them.

1. St. Elmo's Fire

Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomena St. Elmo's Fire is a colorful discharge of atmospheric electricity that typically occurs during a thunderstorm. When a sharp object (such as a ship’s mast) comes in contact with an extraordinarily high electrical field and a large number of electrons, the electrons can glow in various colors, like a neon sign, resulting in this rare phenomenon. “St. Elmo” is a derivation of St. Erasmus of Formia, one of the two patron saints of sailors.

2. Fog “Tsunami”

Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomena At first glance, this jarring sight looks like a giant tsunami rolling in from the ocean, but it’s actually a massive amount of fog. When conditions are just right in late spring or early summer, the condensation from warm air merging with cool ocean water can create this dramatic effect.

3. Meteotsunami

Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomena Meteotsunamis have characteristics similar to earthquake-generated tsunamis, but they are caused by air-pressure disturbances often associated with fast-moving weather systems, such as squall lines. These disturbances can generate waves in the ocean that travel at the same speed as the overhead weather system. Development of a meteotsunami depends on several factors, such as the intensity, direction, and speed of the air pressure as it travels over a waterbody. Like an earthquake-generated tsunami, a meteotsunami affects the entire water column and may become dangerous when it hits shallow water, which causes it to slow down and increase in height and intensity. Semi-enclosed water bodies like harbors, inlets, and bays can greatly intensify a meteotsunami.

4. Waterspout

Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomenawaterspout is a spinning column of air and mist that forms on lakes, rivers, and at sea. Waterspouts fall into two categories: fair weather and tornadic. Tornadic waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water, or move from land to water. They are associated with severe thunderstorms and are often accompanied by high winds and seas, large hail, and dangerous lightning. The tornadic variety are more dangerous than fair weather waterspouts, which generally are not associated with thunderstorms, and usually form along the dark flat base of a line of developing cumulus clouds. While tornadic waterspouts develop downward in a thunderstorm, a fair weather waterspout develops on the surface of the water and works its way upward. Fair weather waterspouts form in light wind conditions so they normally move very little.

5. Maelstrom

Wind and Weird Ocean Weather Phenomena A maelstrom is a strong whirlpool that forms when opposing currents meet to form swirling water. Its name comes from the Dutch words malen (to whirl or grind) and strom (stream). A maelstrom can be dangerous due to powerful currents that occur below the surface, which can pull surrounding objects into its vortex.
All Weather News
More
Severe Thunderstorms Return to the Plains

Severe Thunderstorms Return to the Plains

An upper-level trough will dig southeastward

30 May 2023 11:50 AM
Upper Mississippi River Valley Severe Risk Tuesday

Upper Mississippi River Valley Severe Risk Tuesday

TuesdayOn Tuesday, the Storm Prediction Cente

30 May 2023 11:45 AM
Heating Up in the Central & Eastern U.S.

Heating Up in the Central & Eastern U.S.

Temperatures on Memorial Day have been quite

30 May 2023 11:30 AM
Western U.S. Flooding Concern

Western U.S. Flooding Concern

Flooding concern arose across the Snake River

30 May 2023 2:25 AM
More Active Weather for the Southern Plains

More Active Weather for the Southern Plains

Scattered thunderstorms are expected to ignit

29 May 2023 9:45 PM
Southeast to Mid-Atlantic Low Brings Beach Hazards

Southeast to Mid-Atlantic Low Brings Beach Hazards

An area that the National Hurricane Center wa

29 May 2023 5:10 PM
NOAA Releases 2023 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook

NOAA Releases 2023 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administ

27 May 2023 10:45 PM